Kyoto Protocol
In
1997 it was
held the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC), in
Kyoto, Japan. During the convention, was created the Kyoto
Protocol, which entered into
force on February 16, 2005.
The
aim of
the protocol is to reduce the
emission of greenhouse gases in
the atmosphere, in order to stabilize the greenhouse effect. In all, 184 countries signed
the agreement so far.
Countries
that joined
the agreement were divided into two groups: Annex 1,
which includes developed countries and
Non-Annex 1, which
comprises developing countries. Brazil
is in the group of
non-Annex 1.
<http://blogambientelegal.blogspot.com.br/2012/09/para-governo-brasileiro-e-preciso.html>.
Developed
countries are
the biggest emitters of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere so the Annex 1 countries
signed the commitment to reduce by
5.2% the level of greenhouse gas emissions compared to 1990 levels. The deadline
for the goal was to between 2008 and 2012.
The
countries of the Non-Annex 1 has not
been established no mandatory
target, however, they should
assist in reducing the levels emitted by developed countries.
For the treaty to be met,
the Protocol proposes three
Flexibility Mechanisms:
- Joint Implementation:
Implementing projects to reduce greenhouse gases by two or more developed countries.
- Joint Implementation:
Implementing projects to reduce greenhouse gases by two or more developed countries.
-Emissions Trading:
The Annex 1 countries that have reached their goal, may sell the excess reductions to countries that have not yet reached the goal of reducing.
- Clean Development Mechanism (CDM):
Allows the participation of developing countries in the treaty. They can sell the credits to developed countries from projects that are contributing to the reduction of carbon emissions.
The Annex 1 countries that have reached their goal, may sell the excess reductions to countries that have not yet reached the goal of reducing.
- Clean Development Mechanism (CDM):
Allows the participation of developing countries in the treaty. They can sell the credits to developed countries from projects that are contributing to the reduction of carbon emissions.
The
first part of
the Protocol - period to achieve the goal of reducing developed countries - has
ended, the second part should be defined
by the competent agencies and it will comprise
a commitment period that goes
from 2013 to 2017.
The Kyoto Protocol characterizes an important step towards
reducing the emission of greenhouse
gases.
Sources Research: Ministério do Meio Ambiente- <http://www.mma.gov.br/>
Ana Carolina de Assis Rocha( Translation: Fernanda Romero)
Ana Carolina de Assis Rocha( Translation: Fernanda Romero)
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